Is delta 8 bad for your heart - Dry eyes are another potential side effect of delta 8, again being temporary and lasting only as long as the cannabinoid is active in the body. This can leave the eyes looking red, and in rarer cases cause discomfort due to the lack of moisture. Moisturizing eye drops can remedy this side effect in most cases.

 
Dry eyes are another potential side effect of delta 8, again being temporary and lasting only as long as the cannabinoid is active in the body. This can leave the eyes looking red, and in rarer cases cause discomfort due to the lack of moisture. Moisturizing eye drops can remedy this side effect in most cases.. Randj broadcasting

Jan 20, 2020 · Palpitations —when the heart races, pounds or skips a beat — are a common side effect of marijuana and could be dangerous for someone with an existing condition. “If you sometimes feel your ... Nausea & Vomiting. Delta 8 can cause nausea and vomiting, just like delta-nine THC. This effect is caused by the activation of the same brain areas that are responsible for regulating nausea and vomiting. If you're already prone to nausea definitely start with a very small dose and see how you react. 11.Jun 1, 2023 · Is delta-8 legal? Delta-8 is legal under federal law, but some states have banned its sale or use. It’s important to check your local laws before using delta-8. What are the potential risks of delta-8? While research on delta-8 is limited, some studies suggest that it may increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can put additional strain ... Jun 2, 2023 · Nausea & Vomiting. Delta 8 can cause nausea and vomiting, just like delta-nine THC. This effect is caused by the activation of the same brain areas that are responsible for regulating nausea and vomiting. If you're already prone to nausea definitely start with a very small dose and see how you react. 11. Delta-8 has been reported to be less active than delta-9; however, it has not been studied as much as the delta-9 isomer. Cannabis that has less than 0.3% total THC may be sold as “hemp,” and ...Key takeaways: Delta-8 THC is a chemical found in cannabis with similar effects to traditional (delta-9) THC. Because delta-8 THC is similar to delta-9 THC, it can make you feel high and is likely to show up on a drug test. Delta-8 THC is federally legal, but it isn’t regulated. So delta-8 THC products can contain residual chemicals and other ...Yea facts if your only way to access any type of carts is thru some shady bm brands its better to just smoke weed , some people r just lazy and would rather sit and smoke a cart though no matter whats in it just so they dont have to go thru the process of actually smoking, liking delta 8 is fine as well you just gotta find a good brand not from a gas station lolThe Effects of Delta 8 THC Gummies On the Body. The new famous variant of THC works with your mind and body, and when you feel less anxious and more clear-headed, it’s much easier to notice some of the effects of delta 8 THC. Delta 8 THC affects the body by interacting with CB2 receptors in the ECS, which exist in the peripheral nervous ...Delta-8 THC (or Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol) is a naturally occurring chemical compound called a cannabinoid that’s found in small traces in hemp and cannabis (marijuana) plants. Its popularity ...Jun 9, 2021 · A report issued June 2 by the U.S. Cannabis Council, a national trade group representing state-licensed cannabis companies and legalization advocates, described the boom in unregulated delta-8... I can second this. I take 60mg IR Dextroamphetamine a day. I have NEVER had a blood pressure/heart rate issue with D8.Please bring this up with your doctor, and ask for some EKG and Cardiovascular testing. If I drink Coffee, I do so very carefully because that can upset my circulatory system. You may have an undiagnosed heart and/or vascular ... When you use CBD oil, your liver breaks it down. During this process, it could interfere with your medications for heart failure or other heart conditions. “CBD has known interactions with ...Mar 3, 2023 · Delta-8 is also a psychoactive compound that offers a similar euphoric high. Some studies suggest delta-8 may assist with a few medical conditions like: Anxiety. Chronic pain. Stress. Depression. Learn about the potential effects of Delta 8 on your heart health and how Nao Medical's cardiology specialists can help you stay healthy.Delta-8 THC is an analogue of delta-9 THC—a chemical with a similar structure—but it has differences as well. Like delta-9 THC, this cannabinoid binds easily to the CB1 receptor in the central nervous system. It provides an array of medicinal effects like relief from nausea, pain and anxiety, as well as neuroprotection for the aging brain.People who use marijuana have an increased risk of heart disease and heart attack, according to a large study led by researchers at Stanford Medicine. The study also showed that the psychoactive component of the drug, known as THC, causes inflammation in endothelial cells that line the interior of blood vessels, as well as atherosclerosis in laboratory mice.There are a lot of long-term delta 9 risks. For instance, delta 9 products can damage your liver, kidneys, and heart. It can also cause problems with your blood pressure and increase your risk of strokes and heart attacks. Delta 9 is also highly addictive, and quitting can be extremely difficult. Instead of causing a physical addiction, the ...In contrast to the tachycardia and unchanged or increased blood pressure seen after single doses, prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ingestion produced significant heart rate slowing and blood pressure lowering in hospitalized volunteers. Impaired circulatory responses to standing, exercise, Valsalva maneuver, and cold pressor testing ...But, many people believe that it is worth trying out this oil to see if it can help improve their symptoms. Some potential health risks are delta 8, including liver toxicity and heart problems. So, if you are considering taking Delta-8, it is essential to speak with your doctor first. Additionally, it is necessary to be aware of the possible ...The most significant difference between Delta 8 and Delta 10 is that Delta 8 is more potent than Delta 10. Delta 8 has a higher concentration of cannabinoids, making it much stronger. Delta 8 ...With delta-8, I popped a few of those bad boys and locked into Google Docs for four straight hours. Ernest Hemingway could never. So yes, based on personal experience alone, I’d say that delta-8 ...Jun 2, 2023 · Nausea & Vomiting. Delta 8 can cause nausea and vomiting, just like delta-nine THC. This effect is caused by the activation of the same brain areas that are responsible for regulating nausea and vomiting. If you're already prone to nausea definitely start with a very small dose and see how you react. 11. Story Highlights: THC can increase heart rate by 20-50 beats per minute. This increase occurs in order to compensate for the reduction in blood pressure caused by THC. Low doses of THC appear to ...Mar 9, 2023 · Potential Benefits. Making general statements about whether using cannabis is good or bad doesn’t paint an accurate picture of delta-8 THC or delta-9 THC, says Dave Gordon, M.D., a double-board ... The candy in question allegedly contained Delta-8, a fairly new player in the cannabis world. Often marketed as a legal way to get high, Delta-8 is a cannabis compound that can be sold even in ...Low-Dose Delta 8 THC — Energizing. (5 – 20 mg) Low doses of delta 8 THC feel slightly stimulating — but not in the same way as something like coffee or green tea. It feels as though you have more mental endurance. These effects unlock mental and physical energy you probably had already but weren’t able to tap into.Delta8 is definitely associated with reducing heart rate. Probably fine if you aren't dizzy but I'm interested in following this research. Throw00away1234 • 3 yr. ago. If it reduces heart rate than of course an increased heart rate will be a withdrawal symptom. If someone ingests a large amount of delta-8, they might experience lethargy, slurred speech, changes in heart rate, uncoordinated movements, sedation, and even coma, the CDC says.Adverse events included, but were not limited to: hallucinations, vomiting, tremor, anxiety, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness. National poison control centers received 2,362 exposure...A report issued June 2 by the U.S. Cannabis Council, a national trade group representing state-licensed cannabis companies and legalization advocates, described the boom in unregulated delta-8...Here are 7 facts about Delta 9 THC gummies: 1. Delta 9 THC Gummies Are Edible Cannabis Products. Delta 9 THC gummies are an edible form of cannabis that is made with a gelatin base. The gummies are typically infused with high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Mouth dryness. One of the most prevalent adverse effects of smoking cannabis flower, whether Delta 8 or Delta 9, is cottonmouth or dry mouth. You will most likely feel parched as long as the Delta-8 molecule is present and active in your body. Many individuals drink a lot of water when taking Delta 8 to avoid this.Is delta-8 legal? Delta-8 is legal under federal law, but some states have banned its sale or use. It’s important to check your local laws before using delta-8. What are the potential risks of delta-8? While research on delta-8 is limited, some studies suggest that it may increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can put additional strain ...Some of the side effects associated with delta-8 include: Dry mouth. Vomiting. Trouble standing.Delta-8 THC, however, is a compound extremely similar to delta-9 THC that is legal in places where delta-9 isn’t. Due to the legal status of Delta-8, many young people and drug users alike believe the compound isn’t addictive and is safe to use. Unfortunately, this may not be the case. Like any mood or mind-altering substance, delta-8 THC ...Marijuana also relaxes your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure.Srivatsa says this can kick off a response from your heart that's bad news for AFib. When your blood pressure goes down ...Some of the side effects associated with delta-8 include: Dry mouth. Vomiting. Trouble standing.It is responsible for regulating several functions of the heart, nervous system, and immune system. Once Delta 9 binds with the receptors, the ECS produces specific effects that can relieve pain, help you sleep better, stimulate your appetite, and provide other therapeutic benefits.2: Research suggests vaping is bad for your heart and lungs. Nicotine is the primary agent in regular cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and it is highly addictive. It causes you to crave a smoke and suffer withdrawal symptoms if you ignore the craving. The candy in question allegedly contained Delta-8, a fairly new player in the cannabis world. Often marketed as a legal way to get high, Delta-8 is a cannabis compound that can be sold even in ...Some of the side effects associated with delta-8 include: Dry mouth. Vomiting. Trouble standing.THC-containing products stimulate the heart as well as promote vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. This may lead to elevated blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, and overall higher risk ...A Word From Verywell. While CBD is not a cure for heart failure, it may prevent further damage thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties. CBD may be helpful in reducing blood pressure, decreasing inflammation and cholesterol, and maintaining a healthy weight. Improving these factors may reduce the risk of heart failure.Mar 12, 2022 · The idea of caffeine as a trigger for AFib is surrounded by controversy in the medical world. Caffeine is a known stimulant that can invigorate your central nervous system and raise your heart ... Oct 23, 2020 · The difference between Delta-9-THC (the THC most people are familiar with) and Delta-8-THC is small. There's a double carbon bond on the eighth carbon in the chain that makes up the compound, as ... increased appetite and heart rate; memory loss; ... If you’re experiencing a bad high, try to relax and hydrate. Remember that the effects are temporary. ... et al. (1972). Delta-8- and delta-9 ...Because delta-8 is so similar to delta-9 THC, it produces some of the same side effects, like:. red eyes; dry mouth; rapid heart rate; trouble with coordination ; slowed reaction timesDelta-8 THC is an analogue of delta-9 THC—a chemical with a similar structure—but it has differences as well. Like delta-9 THC, this cannabinoid binds easily to the CB1 receptor in the central nervous system. It provides an array of medicinal effects like relief from nausea, pain and anxiety, as well as neuroprotection for the aging brain.However, if you are someone with an existing heart condition, you will want to take extra precaution when experimenting with cannabis edibles. If you do begin to feel your heart racing during cannabis consumption, slow or pause your consumption , drink plenty of water, and sit in a calm quiet place if possible to regain control of your ...When you use CBD oil, your liver breaks it down. During this process, it could interfere with your medications for heart failure or other heart conditions. “CBD has known interactions with ...A report issued June 2 by the U.S. Cannabis Council, a national trade group representing state-licensed cannabis companies and legalization advocates, described the boom in unregulated delta-8...There are a lot of long-term delta 9 risks. For instance, delta 9 products can damage your liver, kidneys, and heart. It can also cause problems with your blood pressure and increase your risk of strokes and heart attacks. Delta 9 is also highly addictive, and quitting can be extremely difficult. Instead of causing a physical addiction, the ...Story Highlights: THC can increase heart rate by 20-50 beats per minute. This increase occurs in order to compensate for the reduction in blood pressure caused by THC. Low doses of THC appear to ...What Is Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol? Potential Benefits of Delta-8 THC Potential Risks and Side Effects of Delta-8 THC Is Delta-8 THC Legal? Is Delta-8 THC Safe? Show more...Is delta-8 legal? Delta-8 is legal under federal law, but some states have banned its sale or use. It’s important to check your local laws before using delta-8. What are the potential risks of delta-8? While research on delta-8 is limited, some studies suggest that it may increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can put additional strain ...Research has shown that an active ingredient in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), effectively reduces nausea and vomiting in people undergoing chemotherapy. Pain. Marijuana use might reduce the intensity of shooting or burning pain often due to nerve damage (neuropathic pain) caused by HIV, diabetes and other conditions. Seizures.May 6, 2022 · The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning the public that cannabis products containing delta-8 THC can pose serious health risks to consumers. The public notice, issued Wednesday, May 4, was prompted by adverse event reports received by the FDA and national poison control centers over a 15-month period. Products containing delta-8 THC, a ... Delta-8 has been reported to be less active than delta-9; however, it has not been studied as much as the delta-9 isomer. Cannabis that has less than 0.3% total THC may be sold as “hemp,” and ...Unlike CBD, which is non-psychoactive, THC (the most abundant psychoactive cannabinoid in the cannabis plant) is known to cause rapid heartbeat and heart palpitations. This especially happens to novice users, but also if the user consumes too much THC at once. This occurs because THC significantly lowers blood pressure, which causes the heart ...Nov 5, 2021 · Delta-8 has been reported to be less active than delta-9; however, it has not been studied as much as the delta-9 isomer. Cannabis that has less than 0.3% total THC may be sold as “hemp,” and ... Can edibles increase heart rate? Although the exact effects of edible cannabis are not well-studied compared to inhaled cannabis smoke, some research shows that activation of the endocannabinoid receptors may be associated with increased blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. 8. However, other research shows that activation of certain ... The idea of caffeine as a trigger for AFib is surrounded by controversy in the medical world. Caffeine is a known stimulant that can invigorate your central nervous system and raise your heart ...Nov 29, 2021 · Here are some more tips for what to do if you get too high: 1. STAY HYDRATED. First things first: if you’re wondering what to do if you get too high, drink some water. It’s the first step to getting not-so-high. 2. KEEP CALM AND TRY TO REST. Sure, this might be easier said than done. but try to relax. Jun 22, 2023 · The majority of mice tolerated the CBD, but those administered the highest doses — an equivalent to 200 mg of CBD in humans — showed clear symptoms of liver toxicity, as reported by the researchers. In addition, repeated doses of a smaller amount of CBD (50 mg) also showed signs of liver damage and swelling. Adverse events included, but were not limited to: hallucinations, vomiting, tremor, anxiety, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness. National poison control centers received 2,362 exposure...Jan 10, 2022 · 1. Folate. Insufficient folate (also referred to as folic acid or vitamin B9) can result in anemia, according to the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). Anemia, in turn, can cause heart palpitations. Other symptoms of a folate deficiency may include: Fatigue. Typically stay away from D8 flower as it is just hemp flower sprayed with Distillate which sometimes depending on the company can have residual solvents on them and you don’t want to smoke that. Remember, full labs tests or don’t smoke it. Got an ounce of raw distillate coming in on Monday from TTC for 60$. CBD shops here just started selling delta 8 recently, so I picked up a bag of edibles last week. The saleswoman told me how relaxing they are and that you don't get the bad effects of regular weed, blah blah blah. I decided to try my first delta 8 gummy last night, thinking they were 10 mg a piece. About 45 minutes after eating one, I started ...Potential Positive Effects of Delta 8 THC on Your Heart. There is evidence to suggest that cannabinoids, including Delta 8 THC, may have some beneficial effects on heart health. For example, some studies have found that cannabinoids can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which contribute to the development of heart disease.Delta-8-THC is similar to delta-9-THC, but appears to be less psychoactive. The natural concentration of delta-8-THC in cannabis and hemp is low, so most delta-8-THC is synthetically made in a lab.A Word From Verywell. While CBD is not a cure for heart failure, it may prevent further damage thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties. CBD may be helpful in reducing blood pressure, decreasing inflammation and cholesterol, and maintaining a healthy weight. Improving these factors may reduce the risk of heart failure.For some, delta 8 can remain detectable in their urine for a month or more after ingestion. The more frequently you use delta 8, the longer it will take to be completely eliminated from your body. This means that a new user who tries delta 8 for the first time will have THC-free urine much sooner than a frequent user.Delta8 is definitely associated with reducing heart rate. Probably fine if you aren't dizzy but I'm interested in following this research. Throw00away1234 • 3 yr. ago. If it reduces heart rate than of course an increased heart rate will be a withdrawal symptom. Jun 3, 2023 · Instead, Delta 8 keeps your mind clear and sharp with a much gentler high. Many people report feeling more productive and at ease after taking Delta 8. Delta 8 is also much slower and more subtle than Delta 9. It takes a while to kick in, so it eases you into the experience better than its more potent counterpart. concentrated delta-8 THC are also available online. Delta-8 THC products are sometimes marketed as “weed light” or “diet weed.” The health effects of delta-8 THC have not yet been researched extensively and are not well-understood. However, delta-8 THC is psychoactive and may have similar risks of impairment as delta-9 THC.4 AsThe short answer is yes, Delta-8 can have an effect on your pulse, or heart rate. In fact, one of the most common adverse effects of taking Delta-8 is an increased heart rate, for some people. This effect is caused by the fact that Delta-8 interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system , which regulates many different bodily functions.Aug 17, 2023 · Delta 8 has a higher concentration of cannabinoids, making it much stronger. Delta 8 provides psychoactive effects that last much longer, whereas Delta 10 has more of a Sativa effect. Delta 8 and ... Delta8 is definitely associated with reducing heart rate. Probably fine if you aren't dizzy but I'm interested in following this research. Throw00away1234 • 3 yr. ago. If it reduces heart rate than of course an increased heart rate will be a withdrawal symptom. After all, with Delta-8’s potential to resolve pain, manage nausea, and improve sleep, it poses a great benefit to anyone looking to manage these discomforts, especially those battling various chronic illnesses where THC therapy is useful. Luckily, the answer is yes, you can use Delta-8-THC daily if needed, but there are some drawbacks.Marijuana also relaxes your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure.Srivatsa says this can kick off a response from your heart that's bad news for AFib. When your blood pressure goes down ...Is delta-8 legal? Delta-8 is legal under federal law, but some states have banned its sale or use. It’s important to check your local laws before using delta-8. What are the potential risks of delta-8? While research on delta-8 is limited, some studies suggest that it may increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can put additional strain ...Mar 9, 2023 · Potential Benefits. Making general statements about whether using cannabis is good or bad doesn’t paint an accurate picture of delta-8 THC or delta-9 THC, says Dave Gordon, M.D., a double-board ... Nov 29, 2021 · Here are some more tips for what to do if you get too high: 1. STAY HYDRATED. First things first: if you’re wondering what to do if you get too high, drink some water. It’s the first step to getting not-so-high. 2. KEEP CALM AND TRY TO REST. Sure, this might be easier said than done. but try to relax. Although no direct study implicated this, preliminary studies on animal models of heart diseases have shown that CBD can reduce blood pressure and the total number of irregular, ventricular heartbeats in people after heart attacks. Abnormal heart rhythm and hypertension are the most probable underlying causes of AFib and require medical care.Delta-8-THC is similar to delta-9-THC, but appears to be less psychoactive. The natural concentration of delta-8-THC in cannabis and hemp is low, so most delta-8-THC is synthetically made in a lab.The Poison Center says Delta-8-THC gummies should not be confused with CBD gummies or other CBD or hemp containing products. Delta-8-THC is currently legal, but can have harmful reactions if more ...People who use marijuana have an increased risk of heart disease and heart attack, according to a large study led by researchers at Stanford Medicine. The study also showed that the psychoactive component of the drug, known as THC, causes inflammation in endothelial cells that line the interior of blood vessels, as well as atherosclerosis in laboratory mice.A Word From Verywell. While CBD is not a cure for heart failure, it may prevent further damage thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties. CBD may be helpful in reducing blood pressure, decreasing inflammation and cholesterol, and maintaining a healthy weight. Improving these factors may reduce the risk of heart failure.

Got back in and was super sore, so I decided to try the delta 8 gummy, play some video games, and take a nap. Well, I started falling asleep playing video games, and decided to get a snack and take my nap (at this point, it had been about 1.5 hours since the delta 8). I thought this was it, that I was just going to get relaxed and sleepy.. Solflex gmbh

is delta 8 bad for your heart

The effects of the stereochemically pure psychoactive cannabinoid (-)-11-OH-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol-dimethylheptyl (HU-210) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were determined in rats. In pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, the compound produced dose-related, long-lasting hypotension and bradycardia at doses between 10 and 1,000 ...Sep 28, 2022 · Delta 8, delta 9, and delta 10 are different THC forms. All three chemicals can make you feel intoxicated (in other words, high). A 2022 study that looked at US-based internet search queries found ... May 29, 2023 · The potential risks of delta 8 THC on heart health include increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can put additional strain on the heart. Delta 8 THC may also interact with medications commonly used to treat heart conditions, such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. How can Nao Medical help with delta 8 THC and heart problems? Can edibles increase heart rate? Although the exact effects of edible cannabis are not well-studied compared to inhaled cannabis smoke, some research shows that activation of the endocannabinoid receptors may be associated with increased blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. 8. However, other research shows that activation of certain ...Got back in and was super sore, so I decided to try the delta 8 gummy, play some video games, and take a nap. Well, I started falling asleep playing video games, and decided to get a snack and take my nap (at this point, it had been about 1.5 hours since the delta 8). I thought this was it, that I was just going to get relaxed and sleepy.The candy in question allegedly contained Delta-8, a fairly new player in the cannabis world. Often marketed as a legal way to get high, Delta-8 is a cannabis compound that can be sold even in ...Nov 29, 2021 · Here are some more tips for what to do if you get too high: 1. STAY HYDRATED. First things first: if you’re wondering what to do if you get too high, drink some water. It’s the first step to getting not-so-high. 2. KEEP CALM AND TRY TO REST. Sure, this might be easier said than done. but try to relax. Sep 14, 2021 · Delta-8 THC is estimated to be about 50% to 75% as psychoactive as delta-9 THC, but it's naturally produced in only very low levels in the cannabis plant, according to the CDC. Here are 7 facts about Delta 9 THC gummies: 1. Delta 9 THC Gummies Are Edible Cannabis Products. Delta 9 THC gummies are an edible form of cannabis that is made with a gelatin base. The gummies are typically infused with high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Findings show that delta-8 usage may actually lower BP, which is also a common effect of delta-9 THC. Therefore, regular use of delta-8 THC may be able to sustain healthier blood pressure levels if it was abnormal before the consumption. Furthermore, many users report that delta 8 helps them feel calmer, and as we have established earlier, high ...increased appetite and heart rate; memory loss; ... If you’re experiencing a bad high, try to relax and hydrate. Remember that the effects are temporary. ... et al. (1972). Delta-8- and delta-9 ...Key takeaways: Delta-8 THC is a chemical found in cannabis with similar effects to traditional (delta-9) THC. Because delta-8 THC is similar to delta-9 THC, it can make you feel high and is likely to show up on a drug test. Delta-8 THC is federally legal, but it isn’t regulated. So delta-8 THC products can contain residual chemicals and other ...Delta 8, delta 9, and delta 10 are different THC forms. All three chemicals can make you feel intoxicated (in other words, high). A 2022 study that looked at US-based internet search queries found ...THC-containing products stimulate the heart as well as promote vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. This may lead to elevated blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, and overall higher risk ...Delta8 and heart racing and panic. Apparently it has been deemed for delta 8 to help with anxiety and panic but the side effects of d8 include fast heart rate and increase in anxiety for many so wouldn’t it be not that great for people who suffer with anxiety and panic since the side effects of it can trigger it and make it worse? This thread ...Jul 8, 2021 · Delta-8 THC (or Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol) is a naturally occurring chemical compound called a cannabinoid that’s found in small traces in hemp and cannabis (marijuana) plants. Its popularity ... .

Popular Topics